Understanding Colorectal Cancer: Key Facts for Awareness Month

March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States. Incidence rates among individuals under 50 years old have been rising, with a 2.4% increase since 2012. This trend prompted the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to lower the recommended screening age from 50 to 45. Fortunately, colorectal cancer can often be detected and even prevented through a colonoscopy.

A colonoscopy is a simple and highly effective screening tool. During the procedure, a doctor inserts a colonoscope—a flexible tube with a camera and light—into the rectum to examine the colon. This allows for the detection of swollen or irritated tissue, polyps, ulcers, or cancer. Polyps, which are precancerous growths, can be removed during the procedure, potentially preventing cancer from developing, and then sent off for testing. Despite common misconceptions, a colonoscopy is generally painless, thanks to sedation. Most patients report little to no discomfort and are surprised by how easy the experience is.

Colorectal cancer often has no symptoms in its early stages. However, if detected and treated before it spreads, the survival rate is about 90%, underscoring the importance of timely screening. When symptoms do appear, they may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. A family history of the disease, particularly in an immediate relative, raises the risk significantly. If a close family member has been diagnosed, screening is typically recommended 10 years before their age at diagnosis. Age is also a key factor, with cases rising steadily after age 45. Additionally, African Americans, American Indians, and Alaska Natives face a higher risk of occurrence, and death from the disease.

Lifestyle choices also play a role. Lack of physical activity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to an increased risk.

While colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers, it is also one of the most preventable and treatable. Screening can save lives. Contact your Mille Lacs Health System provider today to assess your screening needs.